Adsorción de CO, O2 y CO2 y oxidación catalítica de CO sobre óxidos La Me O3

Tesis - Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 1985.Depto. de Ingeniería Química y de MaterialesFac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEProQuestpu

Procedimiento para la producción de carbones activos a partir de pulpa de manzana

Referencia OEPM: P200002114.-- Fecha de solicitud: 22/08/2000.-- Titular: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).Procedimiento para la producción de carbones activos a partir de pulpa de manzana. Este invento describe un procedimiento para la producción de carbones activos por activación química con ácido fosfórico a partir de pulpa de manzana. La pulpa de manzana es un subproducto sin valor, que se obtiene en el proceso industrial de la fabricación de la sidra natural, de la sidra gasificada y de zumos de manzana. La novedad que presenta nuestra invención radica en la utilización para la producción de carbones de un material lignocelulósico con bajo contenido en lignina (28%) con respecto al resto de materiales lignocelulósicos utilizados hasta el momento como materia prima para la producción de carbones activos. Para la obtención de los carbones activos a partir de pulpa de manzana se ha seguido un proceso de activación química con ácido fosfórico. Los desechos de manzana procedentes del prensado de las manzanas para producción de sidra se secaron y se molieron a un tamaño menor de 1 milímetro.Peer reviewe

Impact of Covalent Functionalization on the Aqueous Processability, Catalytic Activity, and Biocompatibility of Chemically Exfoliated MoS2 Nanosheets

Chemically exfoliated MoS2 (ce-MoS2) has emerged in recent years as an attractive two-dimensional material for use in relevant technological applications, but fully exploiting its potential and versatility will most probably require the deployment of appropriate chemical modification strategies. Here, we demonstrate that extensive covalent functionalization of ce-MoS2 nanosheets with acetic acid groups (∼0.4 groups grafted per MoS2 unit) based on the organoiodide chemistry brings a number of benefits in terms of their processability and functionality. Specifically, the acetic acid-functionalized nanosheets were furnished with long-term (>6 months) colloidal stability in aqueous medium at relatively high concentrations, exhibited a markedly improved temporal retention of catalytic activity toward the reduction of nitroarenes, and could be more effectively coupled with silver nanoparticles to form hybrid nanostructures. Furthermore, in vitro cell proliferation tests carried out with murine fibroblasts suggested that the chemical derivatization had a positive effect on the biocompatibility of ce-MoS2. A hydrothermal annealing procedure was also implemented to promote the structural conversion of the functionalized nanosheets from the 1T phase that was induced during the chemical exfoliation step to the original 2H phase of the starting bulk material, while retaining at the same time the aqueous colloidal stability afforded by the presence of the acetic acid groups. Overall, by highlighting the benefits of this type of chemical derivatization, the present work should contribute to strengthen the position of ce-MoS2 as a two-dimensional material of significant practical utility.Financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through project MAT2015-69844-R is gratefully acknowledged, as well as partial support of the ERDF/FEDER. Operative Program of the Región de Murcia 2007–2013. We also acknowledge partial funding by Plan de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación 2013-2017 del Principado de Asturias and FEDER through grant GRUPIN14-056.Peer reviewe

Efficient Pt electrocatalysts supported onto flavin mononucleotide–exfoliated pristine graphene for the methanol oxidation reaction

Due to its large surface area, high electrical conductivity as well as mechanical and thermal stability, pristine graphene has the potential to be an excellent support for metal nanoparticles (NPs), but the scarce amount of intrinsic chemical groups/defects in its structure that could act as anchoring sites for the NPs hinders this type of use. Here, a simple strategy based on the stabilization of pristine graphene in aqueous dispersion with the assistance of a low amount of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) is shown to yield a material that combines high electrical conductivity and abundance of extrinsic anchoring sites, so that pristine graphene–metal (Pd and Pt) NP hybrids with good dispersion and metal loading can be obtained from FMN–stabilized graphene. The activity of these hybrids towards the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) both in acidic and alkaline media is studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and their stability investigated by chronoamperometry. The pristine graphene–Pt NP hybrid prepared by this simple, eco–friendly protocol is demonstrated to outperform most previously reported pristine graphene– and reduced graphene oxide–metal NP hybrids as electrocatalyst for the MOR, both in terms of catalytic activity and stability, avoiding at the same time the use of harsh chemicals or complex synthetic routes.Financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through projects MAT2015-69844-R and MAT2016-76595-R is gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge partial funding by Plan de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación 2013-2017 del Principado de Asturias and FEDER through grant GRUPIN14-056. M.A-V. is thankful to MINECO and for his pre-doctoral contract. R.R.R acknowledges financial support from MINECO through “Juan de la Cierva” program (JCI-2012-12664)

High Performance Na-O2 Batteries and Printed Microsupercapacitors Based on Water-Processable, Biomolecule-Assisted Anodic Graphene

Integrated approaches that expedite the production and processing of graphene into useful structures and devices, particularly through simple and environmentally friendly strategies, are highly desirable in the efforts to implement this two-dimensional material in state-of-the-art electrochemical energy storage technologies. Here, we introduce natural nucleotides (e.g., adenosine monophosphate) as bifunctional agents for the electrochemical exfoliation and dispersion of graphene nanosheets in water. Acting both as exfoliating electrolytes and colloidal stabilizers, these biomolecules facilitated access to aqueous graphene bio-inks that could be readily processed into aerogels and inkjet-printed interdigitated patterns. Na-O2 batteries assembled with the graphene-derived aerogels as the cathode and a glyme-based electrolyte exhibited a full discharge capacity of ∼3.8 mAh cm–2 at a current density of 0.2 mA cm–2. Moreover, shallow cycling experiments (0.5 mAh cm–2) boasted a capacity retention of 94% after 50 cycles, which outperformed the cycle life of prior graphene-based cathodes for this type of battery. The positive effect of the nucleotide-adsorbed nanosheets on the battery performance is discussed and related to the presence of the phosphate group in these biomolecules. Microsupercapacitors made from the interdigitated graphene patterns as the electrodes also displayed a competitive performance, affording areal and volumetric energy densities of 0.03 μWh cm–2 and 1.2 mWh cm–3 at power densities of 0.003 mW cm–2 and 0.1 W cm–3, respectively. Taken together, by offering a green and straightforward route to different types of functional graphene-based materials, the present results are expected to ease the development of novel energy storage technologies that exploit the attractions of graphene.Funding by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through project MAT2015-69844-R and by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades and ERDF through project RTI2018-100832-B-I00 is gratefully acknowledged. Partial funding by Plan de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (PCTI) 2013-2017 del Principado de Asturias and the ERDF through project IDI/2018/000233 is also acknowledged. J.M.M. is grateful to the Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (MECD) for his pre-doctoral contract (FPU14/00792). J.N.C. acknowledges the ERC Adv. Gr. FUTUREPRINT. This work was also financially supported by the European Union (Graphene Flagship, Core 2, Grant number 785219).Peer reviewe

Reseña Histórica: Los autores de la clasificación BDDT: los Deming

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Carbon materials: their structures and types

Se presenta una visión general de las estructuras y formas del carbono en estado sólido, con el principal objetivo de elaborar criterios de clasificación que permitan situar a cada tipo determinado de sólido carbonoso en el conjunto global. Tras una breve descripción de las estructuras básicas (diamante, grafito hexagonal, carbinos), se examinan las formas del carbono con hibridación sp2 predominante, que constituyen la mayor parte de los materiales de carbono de interés práctico. Se presenta una clasificación fenomenológica de estos materiales en grafíticos, grafitizables y no grafitizables. Finalmente, se desarrolla el concepto de unidad estructural básica de los materiales de carbono y se destaca la importancia de los grados de apilamiento y de orientación de los constituyentes básicos como criterios de clasificación. Se ilustra con ejemplos la aplicación de la difracción de rayos X, espectroscopía Raman y diferentes técnicas microscópicas a la caracterización estructural de este amplio conjunto de materiales.A general overview of carbon structures and forms is presented, with the main objective of establishing criteria to rationally classify carbon materials. A brief outline of the basic structures (diamond, hexagonal graphite, carbynes) is followed by that of solids with predominating sp2 hybridization, which constitute the majority of carbon-based materials with practical interest. A phenomenological classification of these materials into graphitic, graphitizable and nongraphitizable is presented. Finally, the concept of basic structural unit is developed and the importance of the stacking and orientation degrees of basic constituents is highlighted. Several examples are used to illustrate the application of X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and different microscopic techniques to the structural characterization of this wide set of materials.Peer reviewe

Exposición "INCAR, 1947-84"

Trabajo de divulgación sobre el 75 aniversario del INCAR-CSICPeer reviewe

Impact and repercussions of the Ostwald-de Izaguirre theory for adsorption from liquid mixtures: A 100-year perspective

The theory developed in 1922 by Wolfgang Ostwald and Ramón de Izaguirre for adsorption from solution is revisited one hundred years later, with a main focus on its impact and repercussions. A concise historical account is initiated with an examination of the circumstances under which that work was generated. After providing some biographic data about the authors' backgrounds at the time they developed it, a concise description of the so-called Ostwald-de Izaguirre theory is presented. This is followed by an assessment of its impact as a whole in the first decades after it was produced. Starting from about 1960, interest was focused on two separate outcomes from the theory: (i) the first classification of adsorption isotherms ever proposed, and (ii) an equation (Ostwald-de Izaguirre equation) that describes adsorption by solids of binary mixtures of miscible liquids and allows separating the contributions from both components of the solution. Although still in occasional use today, the isotherm classification made by Ostwald and de Izaguirre is of almost exclusively historical interest, having been displaced by Giles’ classification. Unlike this, the Ostwald-de Izaguirre equation is still used and, since it derives from a simple mass balance, there is general agreement that no assumptions were made that limit its use. Thus, it seems that there is nothing to prevent the applicability of this equation in the future.To Prof. Dr. Krisztina László, from the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, for inspiring author's interest in the Ostwald-de Izaguirre equation. Joint funding from Gobierno del Principado de Asturias and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF/FEDER) (grant IDI/2021/000037) is also acknowledged.Peer reviewe

One hundred years of the Ostwald—de Izaguirre theory for adsorption from solution. Its connection with carbon adsorbents

On the occasion of its first centenary, a brief account on the theory developed in 1922 by Wolfgang Ostwald and Ramón de Izaguirre for adsorption from solution is presented. An overview of the theory, including the role of animal—derived carbons in its validation, is followed by an assessment of its impact in the field of adsorption by carbons. Two main outcomes of the theory are the first classification of adsorption isotherms (currently displaced by Giles' classification) and a still used equation that describes the adsorption of liquid mixtures by solids and allows to separate the contributions from the two components of the solution.The author gratefully acknowledges Prof. Krisztina László (Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary) for introducing him to the Ostwald—de Izaguirre equation. Joint funding from Gobierno del Principado de Asturias and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF/FEDER) (grant IDI/2021/000037) is also acknowledged.Peer reviewe